青贮玉米和混合干草对山羊胃肠内环境参数的影响

以8只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠近端T型瘘管的徐淮白山羊为试验动物,分为2组,分别饲喂青贮玉米和混合干草,研究山羊瘤胃和十二指肠内环境的昼夜动态变化。结果表明:①混合干草组瘤胃和十二指肠的pH值均极显著(P<0.01)高于青贮玉米组,其日内动态变化都表现出采食后先下降后上升的趋势;②混合干草组瘤胃液氨态氮浓度极显著(P<0.01)高于青贮玉米组,而十二指肠食糜的氨态氮浓度极显著(P<0.01)低于青贮玉米组;③混合干草组瘤胃乙酸浓度显著(P<0.05)高于青贮玉米组,丙酸浓度差异不显著(P>0.05),青贮玉米组丁酸浓度极显著(P<0.01)高于混合干草组;十二指肠液乙酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度青贮玉米组均极显著(P<0.01)高于混合干草组。     

安氏隐孢子虫ITS-1序列的PCR扩增、克隆及分析

通过对国内三株安氏隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium andersoni)即GD株、HN株和AH株的rDNA的内转录间隔区Ⅰ(ITS_1)序列进行PCR扩增、克隆、测序和序列分析,旨在确定ITS_1是否可作为C.andersoni分子分类的遗传标记。结果表明:GD株、HN株和AH株的ITS_1序列基本一致,仅AH株有三个碱基的差异;但与GenBank注册的C.muris和C.parvum存在种间差异,而且差异显著。说明ITS_1可作为C.andersoni种的遗传标记,从而为隐孢子虫属的种间鉴定以及进一步的分子流行病学调查和分子诊断学研究奠定了基础。     

重庆上市公司互保圈现象的会计思考

在市场经济环境下，贷款担保作为上市公司融通资金的一种方式，是企业的一种正常的经营行为。它可以减少交易风险、促进资本市场发展。然而，目前由于种种原因，上市公司互保不仅没有起到化解市场风险的作用，反而加大了证券市场和金融市场的风险，严重扰乱了资本市场的正常运行。因此，本文拟通过思考重庆“互保圈”现象，分析“互保圈”形成的原因及危害，并由此提出相应的对策与建议。     

原油输送管道内涂层防结蜡问题研究

管道内涂层可以减少原油中的蜡在管壁上的沉积量,利用自行设计的原油动态结蜡模拟装置,对比研究了不同涂层的防蜡率,以及在不同搅拌转速和不同的油温及壁温下管壁内涂层对防蜡率的影响。结果表明,涂层的防蜡率随着时间的增长有下降的趋势;搅拌速度越大,防蜡效果越好;壁温和油温对防蜡效果影响不大。     

Changes in ripening behavior of ‘d'Anjou’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) after cold storage

‘d'Anjou’ pear fruit, harvested at optimum maturity with flesh firmness of 6.8 kg, were stored at ?1.1°C. Fruit were ripened at 20°C for 15 days following storage for 1–8 months. Dessert qualities were evaluated organoleptically on Day 10 of each ripening period. Changes in fruit firmness, extractable juice, titratable acids, solubl solids, respiration, ethylene production and internal ethylene were determined daily during each ripening period. Fruit firmness declined continually from 6.8 kg at harvest to 4.5 kg after 8 months of storage. Fruit stored for 2–8 months softened with a similar pattern during a 15-day ripening period at 20°C, while fruit stored for 1 month softened at a slower rate during ripening to 3.2 kg, with a coarse and dry texture after 15 days at 20°C. Fruit stored for 2–4 months ripened with the desirable buttery and juicy texture, while those stored for more than 5 months ripened with a coarse or mealy and dry texture. The buttery and juicy texture was highly correlated with a lower extractable juice, which could be used for quantitative determination of storage life based on ripened fruit quality. Changes in titratable acids and soluble solids during each ripening period were not associated with changes in dessert qualities of the ripened pears. Rates of respiration, ethylene production and internal ethylene during ripening at 20°C varied with duration of storage, but were not associated with changes in dessert qualities of the ripened fruit.     

炭石墨制品焙烧开裂的分析与研究

探讨了炭石墨制品焙烧开裂的因素和机理，提出了防止焙烧开裂的措施和方法。     

Assessment of stiffness and strength of 4 different implants available for equine fracture treatment: a study on a 20 degrees oblique long-bone fracture model using a bone substitute

OBJECTIVE: To compare the mechanical properties of 4 stabilization methods for equine long-bone fractures: dynamic compression plate (DCP), limited contact-DCPlate (LC-DCP), locking compression plate (LCP), and the clamp-rod internal fixator (CRIF--formerly VetFix). STUDY DESIGN: In vitro mechanical study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Bone substitute material (24 tubes) was cut at 20 degrees to the long axis of the tube to simulate an oblique mid-shaft fracture. METHODS: Tubes were divided into 4 groups (n=6) and double plated in an orthogonal configuration, with 1 screw of 1 implant being inserted in lag fashion through the "fracture". Thus, the groups were: (1) 2 DCP implants (4.5, broad, 10 holes); (2) 2 LC-DCP implants (5.5, broad, 10 holes); (3) 2 LCP implants (4.5/5.0, broad, 10 holes) and 4 head locking screws/plate; and (4) 2 CRIF (4.5/5.0) and 10 clamps in alternating position left and right of the rod. All constructs were tested in 4-point bending with a quasi-static load until failure. The implant with the interfragmentary screw was always positioned on the tension side of the construct. Force, displacement, and angular displacement at the "fracture" line were determined. Construct stiffness under low and high loads, yield strength, ultimate strength, and maximum angular displacement were determined. RESULTS: None of the implants failed; the strength of the bone substitute was the limiting factor. At low loads, no differences in stiffness were found among groups, but LCP constructs were stiffer than other constructs under high loads (P=.004). Ultimate strength was lowest in the LCP group (P=.01), whereas yield strength was highest for LCP constructs (409 N m, P=.004). CRIF had the lowest yield strength (117 N m, P=.004); no differences in yield strength (250 N m) were found between DCP and LC-DCP constructs. Differences were found for maximum angular displacement at the "fracture" line, between groups: LPC相似文献   

土壤中山核桃干腐病抑制菌的筛选和鉴定

为了从土壤中筛选具有抑制山核桃Carya cathayensis于腐病菌的微生物,运用平皿对峙法从土壤中初筛得到对山核桃干腐病菌葡萄座腔菌Botryosphaeria dothidea具有拮抗作用的菌株5株,对峙培养发现菌株QZ2和QZ8抑菌效果显著,对峙试验显示QZ2,QZ8与病原菌之间有明显的抑菌圈,且QZ2孢子能完全覆盖在病原菌上生长而病原菌生长停止.通过形态特征观察及ITS序列分析,菌株QZ2被鉴定为棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum,主要通过重寄生以达到控病的效果;菌株QZ8为草酸青霉Penicillium oxalicum,主要通过代谢产生的抗菌素起作用.QZ2和QZ8是山核桃干腐病的潜在生防菌.     

一株产植酸酶青霉的分类鉴定及其植酸酶基因克隆 和在毕赤酵母中的表达

植酸酶是催化植酸盐水解成磷酸盐的一类酶的总称,添加到猪和家禽动物的饲料中可以提高植酸磷的利用率和促进对矿质元素的吸收利用。根据形态特征和ITS分子序列,作者对该实验室筛选得到的高产植酸酶菌株青霉RCEF4908进行了鉴定,确定该菌株在系统分类上属于草酸青霉Penicillium oxalicum Currie&Thom。利用特异性引物扩增出植酸酶成熟肽基因片段,蛋白质序列含有保守区域RHGXRXP和HD,属于组氨酸酸性磷酸酶家族。通过基因操作成功实现了植酸酶在Pichia pastoris GS115的表达。转化子P49在诱导培养144 h后酶活性可以达到约8 000U·mL-1。重组植酸酶在pH 2.5～7.0之间都有活性,在pH 5.5时酶活性最高;在90℃水浴处理10、20和30 min后酶活性仍分别保留53.8%、52.5%和45.2%,具有较高的耐热性,适宜于作为饲料添加剂,有进一步开发的价值。     

海绵铁内电解法处理染整废水的研究

采用烧杯试验法对羊绒制品染整废水进行海绵铁内电解法去除色度及化学需氧量(COD)的试验研究。试验结果表明,海绵铁投加量在500 g/L、pH 5～6、反应时间为60 min,在一定的搅拌强度下辅以混凝、氯氧化综合作用,色度的去除率达到90%以上、COD的去除率达到95%以上,废水出水能达到国家标准。